CSC Scientific Blog

A blog about test equipment

How I Learned That Black Liquor Was Not Dark Rum

Posted by Art Gatenby on Sep 28, 2021 12:28:35 PM

When our customers tell me about the different places where CENCO and CSC Digital Moisture balances are used it always interests me.

Read More

Topics: Moisture Analysis, Moisture Testing, Loss-On-Drying, Moisture, moisture content, water content measurement

Coulometric/ Volumetric Karl Fischer Titration -- Which Should I Use?

Posted by Art Gatenby on Sep 23, 2021 12:53:41 PM

As usual when we pose a question, like:

Should you use Coulometric or Volumetric Karl Fischer to measure moisture in your product?

We often get a the reaction, “So Who Cares?” We'll try to answer both questions.

Read More

Topics: Coulometric Karl Fischer, Volumetric Karl Fischer, Moisture Analysis, Moisture Testing, Karl Fischer, Karl Fischer Titration

Moisture Test Results Don't Always Measure Moisture

Posted by Art Gatenby on Jun 29, 2021 7:00:00 AM

The most popular was to measure include:

  1. Drying the material and measure the weight loss 
  2. Using a calibration and electronic instrument 
  3. Using a titration method such as Karl Fischer

When using these processes, we take for granted that the results will be the product's actual moisture.

Read More

Topics: Evaporation, Moisture Oven Test, Infrared Moisture, Moisture Analysis, Moisture Testing, Karl Fischer Titration, Loss-On-Drying, evaporator oven

The Simple Truth About Karl Fischer Moisture

Posted by Art Gatenby on Jul 9, 2020 3:05:35 PM

 

Read More

Topics: Coulometric Karl Fischer, Moisture Analysis, Moisture Testing, Karl Fischer Oven, Karl Fischer, Karl Fischer Titration, Loss-On-Drying, Moisture, interfacial tension, moisture content, moisture measurement

Loss-on Drying and Other Moisture Mysteries - Part V: Drying

Posted by Art Gatenby on Jun 17, 2020 12:18:01 PM

What seems like a million words ago, I began this journey explaining the simplest approach to measuring or determining moisture: Loss-on Drying. Little did I know how involved and esoteric it would become.

This voyage has taken me down mysterious paths through spooky theories, back to age-old chemistry concepts and into the vagaries of thermodynamics related to evaporation, vapor pressure, bound water and water activity. I have come full-circle; back to explaining Loss-on Drying -- a form of drying that I had assumed would be the simplest of all.

I thought the first four topics [evaporation, vapor pressure, bound moisture, water activity] were tough, complex, confounding and less-than-obvious. Drying -- defined as “the mass-transfer process of removing water (or other solute) by evaporation from a solid, semi solid or liquid” -- seemed easy.

As is often the case, reality makes “easy” a non-operative word. Such has turned out to be so with respect to the issue of drying.

Read More

Topics: Free Moisture, Moisture Sorption Isotherm, Moisture Oven Test, Moisture Analysis, Moisture Testing, Loss-On-Drying, Moisture

Loss-On-Drying Moisture Analysis and Other Moisture Mysteries Part III: Free and Bound Water

Posted by Art Gatenby on Jun 16, 2020 2:35:12 PM

In my previous missive about Loss-On drying, we discussed Vapor Pressure -- because logically it was next. As we continue to explore moisture, we learn how vital vapor pressure is when regarding the quirky issues of free and bound water.

Read More

Topics: Evaporation, Bound Moisture, Free Moisture, Moisture Analysis, Moisture Testing, Karl Fischer Titration, Praxis Moisture Balance, Loss-On-Drying, Moisture, karl fischer moisture, water content measurement

Loss On Drying Moisture Analysis and Other Moisture Mysteries II Vapor Pressure

Posted by Art Gatenby on Apr 30, 2020 3:31:57 PM

A while ago on these pages I agonized about loss-on-drying moisture analysis . As you may recall, my explorations of the drying process overwhelmed me with evaporation concepts , vapor pressure notions, water content complexities and water activity witchcraft, all just to dry something.
Read More

Topics: Evaporation, Moisture Analysis, Moisture Testing, Loss-On-Drying

Loss-On-Drying Moisture Analysis and Other Moisture Mysteries Part 1

Posted by Art Gatenby on Apr 21, 2020 3:52:00 PM

One quiet night, I was musing over moisture analysis and how easy it is to do using loss-on drying. Little did I know what was in store.

Read More

Topics: Evaporation, Moisture Analysis, Moisture Testing, Loss-On-Drying, Moisture, moisture balance, moisture content

What is Moisture Content?

Posted by Art Gatenby on Nov 4, 2019 3:00:00 AM

Last week, as I was reflecting on a recent moisture content problem, I recalled our series “Loss-on Drying and Other Moisture Mysteries.” In that series I examined moisture chemistry in products. However, I did little to define moisture content.

Read More

Topics: Bound Moisture, Free Moisture, Moisture Analysis, Water Activity, Moisture Testing, Karl Fischer, Karl Fischer Titration, Moisture

Instrument Accuracy?  Is it only an illusion?

Posted by Art Gatenby on Aug 28, 2019 12:05:00 PM

Regularly I’m asked the question; “How accurate is this moisture balance?”

The questioner asks for the answer in terms of percent (%) moisture. When I answer “it depends”, I always get the unspoken response, “Why did I ask this stupid idiot?

Absolute Measurement

When you ask about the accuracy of something like weight or temperature the answers are straight forward and relate to the instruments' precision. For example 25 grams or 50 degrees plus or minus (+/-) 0.1 gram or 1/2 degree.  

Percent is Relative

When you ask the question of how accurate is my percentage reading, the answer becomes complicated. It’s complicated because percentage (%) is a relative term. For example, the answer for the result of a Loss on Drying (LOD) moisture test, is based on the size of the sample you use.

Using the example of a LOD moisture test we can understand the concept. The result of this type of test is calculated by subtracting the weight of the sample at the end of the test from the weight of the sample at the beginning of the test. This difference is divided by the initial weight of the sample. This procedure produces a % moisture result.

Sample Size

In the following analysis, the implication s of sample size and instrument precision will be illustrated. This will be based on a sample that has 23.5% moisture and an electronic LOD moisture balance that has a sensitivity of 0.001 grams and repeatability of ± .005 grams.

Sample Analysis

Read More

Topics: Moisture Analysis, Moisture Testing, CSC Digital Moisture Balance, Loss-On-Drying, Moisture, moisture balance, instrument accuracy

Subscribe via E-mail

Search the Blog

Most Popular Posts

Posts by Topic